From Paradoxes of Quantum Mechanics to Applications

Speaker: prof. UAM. dr hab Karol Bartkiewicz

This lecture explores fundamental quantum mechanical paradoxes that challenge classical physics intuitions and enable modern quantum technologies. We will examine non-locality, contextuality, entanglement, and quantum steering through both theoretical frameworks and experimental demonstrations.

The presentation will cover the EPR paradox [1] questioning quantum completeness, Bell’s theorem [2] and its experimental verification [3,4], the GHZ paradox [5] as a direct contradiction to local realism, and the Kochen-Specker theorem [6] demonstrating quantum contextuality. We will introduce different measures of entanglement [7] and examine quantum steering [8] as an intermediate phenomenon introduced in response to the EPR paper.

The lecture concludes with practical applications of these “paradoxical” quantum properties in quantum cryptography [9], teleportation [10], and quantum computing [11,12]. Finally, we will refer to some recent results obtained at AMU by the members of the Department of Quantum Information in this field. 

Key references:

• [1] A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935).
• [2] J. S. Bell, Physics 1, 195 (1964).
• [3] A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 91 (1982).
• [4] B. Hensen et al., Nature 526, 682 (2015).
• [5] D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, and A. Zeilinger, in Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe, edited by M. Kafatos (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1989), pp. 69-72.
• [6] S. Kochen and E. P. Specker, J. Math. Mech. 17, 59 (1967).
• [7] R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, and K. Horodecki, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009).
• [8] E. Schrödinger, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 31, 555 (1935).
• [9] C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing (IEEE, New York, 1984), pp. 175-179.
• [10] C. H. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993).
• [11] P. W. Shor, SIAM J. Comput. 26, 1484 (1997).
• [12] L. K. Grover, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 325 (1997).

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